Unit 4 Study Guide

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____	1.	The youngest part of the ocean floor is found ____.
a.	along deep sea trenches	
b.	where ocean sediments are thickest	
c.	near ocean ridges	
d.	where Earth’s magnetic field changes polarity	

____	2.	At an oceanic-oceanic CONVERGENT boundary, ____.
a.	new crust is created	c.	old crust is deformed or fractured	
b.	old crust is recycled by subduction	d.	plates side past one another	

____	3.	Compared to ocean crust near deep-sea trenches, crust near ocean ridges is ____.
a.	younger	c.	the same age	
b.	older	d.	magnetically reversed	

____	4.	Features found at divergent boundaries include ____.
a.	ocean ridges	c.	crumpled mountains	
b.	deep-sea trenches	d.	island arc volcanoes	

____	5.	Subduction results in the formation of ____.
a.	a deep-sea trench	c.	a rift valley	
b.	a magnetic reversal	d.	new continental crust	

____	6.	Continental-continental plate collisions produce ____.
a.	island arcs	c.	deep-sea trenches	
b.	rift valleys	d.	very tall mountain ranges	

____	7.	The driving forces of tectonic plates are related to convection currents in Earth’s ____.
a.	crust	c.	inner core	
b.	mantle	d.	outer core	

____	8.	The San Andreas Fault, a result of horizontal shear, is at a ____ plate boundary
a.	convergent	c.	transform	
b.	divergent	d.	reverse	

____	9.	The inner core is
a.	solid and made of iron and nickel	c.	plastic and made of iron and nickel	
b.	liquid and made of iron and nickel	d.	none of the above	

____	10.	What is a large volcanic crater?
a.	vent	c.	plume	
b.	caldera	d.	lava	

____	11.	The Super Continent that once included all of today’s continents was
a.	Panacea	c.	Pangea	
b.	Principea	d.	Pupa	

____	12.	The Theory that the Earth’s crust is made of large slabs that are in motion is the Theory of _.
a.	Plate Harmonics	c.	Sea-Floor Spreading	
b.	Plate Tectonics	d.	Weathering	

____	13.	The FOCUS is _______ while the EPICENTER is________
a.	where the earthquake occurs; the spot on the surface directly above the earthquake	c.	the spot on the surface directly above the earthquake; where the earthquake occurs	
b.	a convergent boundary; a divergent boundary	d.	a divergent boundary;  a convergent boundary	

____	14.	How many seismometers are needed to determine the exact location of an earthquake?
a.	1	c.	3 	
b.	2	d.	cannot be determined 	

____	15.	What is a naturally occurring, solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter?
a.	a rock	c.	lava	
b.	a mineral	d.	a fossil	

____	16.	In Figure 3-1, what type of rock should occur in the part of the rock cycle labeled B?
a.	igneous	c.	lava	
b.	metamorphic	d.	sedimentary	

____	17.	In Figure 3-1, what process or processes would be occurring in the part of the rock cycle labeled E?
a.	cooling	c.	compaction and cementation	
b.	melting	d.	weathering and erosion	

____	18.	In Figure 3-1, what type of rock should occur in the part of the rock cycle labeled F?
a.	igneous	c.	lava	
b.	metamorphic 	d.	sedimentary	

____	19.	The process that occurs when physical forces break rock into smaller pieces without changing the rock’s chemical composition is called ____.
a.	differential weathering	c.	mechanical weathering	
b.	chemical weathering	d.	erosion	

____	20.	The factor that has the greatest effect on soil formation is ____.
a.	climate	c.	time	
b.	parent material	d.	slope orientation	

____	21.	A soil’s texture is determined by ____.
a.	mineral composition	c.	water content	
b.	type of humus	d.	particle size	

____	22.	Earthquakes are usually associated with ____.
a.	violent weather	c.	large cities	
b.	faults	d.	the east coast of North America	

____	23.	Most earthquakes are produced by the rapid release of which kind of energy stored in rock subjected to great forces?
a.	chemical	c.	elastic	
b.	thermal	d.	mechanical	

____	24.	A magma’s viscosity is directly related to its ____.
a.	depth	c.	color	
b.	age	d.	silica content	

____	25.	The particles produced in volcanic eruptions are called ____.
a.	laccoliths	c.	pyroclastic material	
b.	calderas	d.	volcanic stocks	

____	26.	The most violent volcanic eruptions are associated with what type of volcano?
a.	cinder cones	c.	composite cones	
b.	shield volcanoes	d.	fissure eruptions	

____	27.	Which seismic waves travel most rapidly?
a.	P waves	c.	surface waves	
b.	S waves	d.	tsunamis	

____	28.	Overall, which seismic waves are the most destructive?
a.	P waves	c.	compression waves	
b.	S waves	d.	surface waves	

____	29.	29. What are the proportions of clay, silt, and sand shown at point C in Figure 5-1?
a.	clay: 10 percent; silt: 80 percent; sand: 10 percent	
b.	clay: 10 percent; silt: 20 percent; sand: 70 percent	
c.	clay: 20 percent; silt: 60 percent; sand: 20 percent	
d.	clay: 30 percent; silt: 40 percent; sand: 30 percent	

____	30.	30. What are the proportions of clay, silt, and sand shown at point B in Figure 5-1?
a.	clay: 40 percent; silt: 30 percent; sand: 30 percent	
b.	clay: 60 percent; silt: 20 percent; sand: 20 percent	
c.	clay: 10 percent; silt: 80 percent; sand: 10 percent	
d.	clay: 20 percent; silt: 40 percent; sand: 40 percent	

____	31.	31. What are the proportions of clay, silt, and sand shown at point A in Figure 5-1?
a.	clay: 60 percent; silt: 20 percent; sand: 20 percent	
b.	clay: 40 percent; silt: 40 percent; sand: 20 percent	
c.	clay: 80 percent; silt: 10 percent; sand: 10 percent	
d.	clay: 70 percent; silt: 20 percent; sand: 10 percent	

Unit 4 SG
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	1.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	2.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	STA:	2.02

	3.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	4.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	STA:	2.02

	5.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	STA:	2.02

	6.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	7.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	8.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	STA:	2.04

	9.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	10.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	11.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	12.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	13.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1

	14.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	15.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	L1	OBJ:	3.1

	16.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	L1	OBJ:	3.3

	17.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	L1	OBJ:	3.3

	18.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	L1	OBJ:	3.3

	19.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	L1	OBJ:	5.1

	20.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	L1	OBJ:	5.4

	21.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	L1	OBJ:	5.4

	22.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	L2	OBJ:	8.1

	23.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	L2	OBJ:	8.2

	24.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	L1	OBJ:	10.1

	25.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	L1	OBJ:	10.2

	26.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	DIF:	L2	OBJ:	10.3

	27.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	L2	OBJ:	5.4

	28.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	L2	OBJ:	5.4

	29.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	DIF:	L2	OBJ:	5.4

	30.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	DIF:	L1	OBJ:	8.4

	31.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	DIF:	L2	OBJ:	8.4